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Sleek, dramatic, and undeniably eye-catching, the Red Tail Black Shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor) is a freshwater favourite known for its deep black body and vibrant red tail. A classic in the hobby, this semi-aggressive species hails from Thailand’s river basins and has become a standout in planted tanks and larger community setups—provided its tankmates can handle the attitude.
Species: Epalzeorhynchos bicolor
Common Names: Red Tail Black Shark, Red-Tailed Shark, Fire Tail Shark
Origin: Native to Thailand – now extinct in the wild; all specimens are captive bred
Light Requirements: Moderate
Diet: Omnivorous – enjoys high-quality sinking pellets, algae wafers, blanched veg (zucchini, spinach), and occasional meaty foods like bloodworms or brine shrimp
Maximum Size: 12–15 cm
Temperament: Semi-aggressive and territorial, particularly toward similar-looking fish
Care Level: Moderate
Aquarium Setup:
Requires an aquarium of at least 200 litres, with plenty of hiding spaces (like caves, driftwood, and rocks) to establish territory. This species appreciates a soft, sandy or fine gravel substrate, and moderate flow mimicking its riverine origins. Open swimming space is also important, as they are active and bold once settled. Use a tight-fitting lid—they’re known to jump when startled.
Water Parameters:
Temperature: 22–28°C
pH: 6.5–7.5
Hardness: 5–15 dGH
Growth and Maintenance:
The Red Tail Black Shark grows steadily and can live 6–10 years with proper care. As it matures, territorial behaviour becomes more pronounced—especially in smaller or overcrowded tanks. To manage aggression, avoid housing with other bottom dwellers that resemble it in shape or colour (like rainbow sharks or similar catfish).
Care Tips:
✔ Provide structured décor to break lines of sight and reduce stress
✔ Feed a balanced omnivorous diet to support colour and energy
✔ Avoid housing with other shark-like fish or slow, long-finned species
✔ Use a secure lid—they are powerful jumpers
✔ Monitor for territorial bullying, especially in smaller tanks
Compatibility:
Best kept alone or with fast, mid- to upper-level swimmers like barbs, rainbowfish, larger tetras, and danios. Avoid peaceful bottom dwellers (like Corydoras) or similarly shaped species. Can be aggressive toward conspecifics—generally keep only one per tank unless in a very large setup.
Availability:
Commonly available in the Australian aquarium trade. Juveniles are frequently sold at 4–5 cm, but grow quickly—plan tank size accordingly.
Disclaimer:
"The Red Tail Black Shark is not a true shark but a cyprinid. Its territorial behaviour requires careful planning and appropriate tankmates. Avoid small tanks or overcrowded setups."